35. GELECHIIDAE

Hindwing with vein 2 originating from cell at two-thirds to three-fourth of its length.

11.0-19.0mm. June to October (indoors). Forewing ochreous, more or less sprinkled dark brown; often blackish streak in fold extending to plical stigma.

Species belonging to the genus Metzneria, characteristic moths with forewing lanceolate, and to the genus Atremaea with broad wings.

13.0-16.0mm. Late June to early August. Forewing pale ochreous, more or less suffused reddish brown; stigmata absent, veins grey; pale fascia in apical area, not reaching costa; cilia pale ochreous brown with one dark cilia-line.

15.0-18.0mm. May to August (in Britain). Forewing ochreous, variably suffused reddish orange, veins greyish brown; cilia ochreous grey with one dark cilia-line.

13.0-19.0mm. Late May to early July.

15.0-20.0mm. Late May to early August.

10.0-12.0mm. Early July to early August. Forewing variable; pale form with forewing pale ochreous, suffused dark brown towards costa; dark form with forewing wholly suffused dark brown except for the oblique whitish line.

Late June to early September, mainly mid July to mid August.

June to early August.

8.0-10.0mm. Late May to early September. Forewing with fascia before middle (sometimes interrupted) and about eight irregular spots.

8.0-10.0mm. Late April to early August. Forewing usually with four spots.

Forewing of Apatetris kinkerella greyish white (see couplet 15).

10.0-11.0mm. Mid June to early August. Forewing with vein 6 separate from 7 and 8.

Forewing with veins 7 and 8 originating from 6.

9.0-12.0mm. Forewing whitish with almost complete blackish brown fascia from two-thirds of costa, inwardly oblique.

See preceding species.

10.0-11.5mm. Early June to early July. Forewing greyish white, suffused greyish towards dorsum and apex.

10.0-14.0mm. June and July. Frons and vertex bronzy purple.

9.0-10.0mm. Late May to early August. Forewing whitish ochreous with four slender silvery fasciae. Frons ochreous.

Late May to early September. Flagellum blackish brown throughout.

May and June. Forewing with two silvery fasciae at one-fifth and two-fifth respectively, not reaching dorsum; silvery costal and tornal spots often confluent.

Late June to early September. Forewing with two silvery bars from costa, at one-quarter and at middle respectively, straight fascia at three-quarters, sometimes interrupted or obsolete.

9.0-12.0mm. Late July to late August. Forewing dark brown sprinkled pale greyish, dorsally mixed ferruginous orange; pale markings usually indistinct. Frons yellowish orange or whitish. Thorax and tegulae blackish brown.

8.0-12.0mm. Late June to early September. Moth shows some similarity to a coleophorid. Forewing pale ochreous yellow with variable faint white markings and some black scales mostly arranged in longitudinal rows. Frons white. Thorax whitish.

12.0-14.0mm. June and July (in Britain). Forewing with three obsolete white fasciae; costal and tornal spots pure white.

11.0-13.0mm. Late June to early August. Forewing blackish brown with ochreous yellow or whitish costal and tornal spots.

8.0-13.0mm. May to September (in Britain). Forewing blackish brown with whitish costal spot at two-thirds (occasionally obsolete) and sometimes a few whitish scales at tornus. See couplet 40.

11.0-12.0mm. Early June to early August. Forewing usually with indistinct stigmata. Labial palpus with second and third segment of equal length. Frons and vertex dark grey. Flagellum blackish brown, not annulated, often faintly annulated in apical fifth. see couplet 38.

10.0-13.0mm. Late May to early August.

9.5-12.0mm. Late May to early August.

15.0-19.0mm. Late June to mid August. Large species with characteristic appearance.

8.0-16.0mm.

9.0-13.0mm. Late May to early August. Forewing ochreous white, apical third irrorated brownish; second discal and costal spot at three-fifth present, all black; plical and first discal occasionally represented by a few black scales. Frons and thorax ochreous white.

14.0-17.0 mm. Late June to early August. Forewing relatively broad, length costa less than five times greatest width, ground colour either pale ochreous brown or glossy blackish brown; only second discal present, indistinct in dark form; sometimes indistinct paler blotches or streaks mainly in distal half of wing. Frons, vertex and thorax ochreous brown to blackish brown.

Mid June to early September. Forewing relatively narrow, length costa more than five and a half times greatest width; ground colour ranging from pale ochreous brown to dark brown with paler blotches, sometimes indistinct or absent. Hingwing grey. Frons and vertex dark brown. Thorax ochreous to dark brown.

7.5-10.5mm. June and July. Forewing grey with dark-tipped scales. Hindwing grey. Frons, vertex and thorax grey. Flagellum grey, indistinctly annulated paler throughout.

9.0-13.0mm. Late June to early August. Forewing blackish brown; at least second discal stigma present. Hindwing dark greyish brown. Frons beige, vertex, thorax and tegulae blackish brown. Flagellum dark brown, usually indistinctly annulated paler in proximal half, apical half irregularly annulated white. see coouplet 40.

9.0-11.0mm. June, July. Forewing brown, whitish sprinkled; stigmata black and conspicuous, plical stigmata and first discal elongated, second discal roundish. Frons mixed dark brown and whitish; vertex, thorax and tegulae dark brown.

Forewing occasionally with indistinct dark elongate marks in disc towards base.

11.0-16.0mm. Mid June to early August. Forewing dark brown; stigmata darker, obscure; moreover indistinct dark elongate marks in disc towards base. Vertex dark grey; frons in male grey, ochreous white in female. Thorax dark grey. Flagellum annulated dark brown and grey or whitish.

Early June to early August. Forewing with first discal absent, second discal roundish and an elongate plical, both black. Frons, vertex, thorax and tegulae ochreous. Flagellum annulated brown and whitish.

Forewing with dark stigmata not elongated, indistinct. See couplet 27.

Forewing with dark stigmata usually elongated, sometimes indistinct.

9.0-10.0mm. June and July (in Britain). Forewing very elongate and pointed; blackish brown without paler irroration; stigmata blackish, second discal stigma (at two-thirds) elongated. Vertex and thorax dark brown. Flagellum dark brown, obscurely annulated whitish.

Forewing with second discal roundish.

11.0-12.0mm. Forewing blackish brown, sometimes with a few whitish scales at tornus, but without paler irroration. See couplet 26.

9.0-13.0mm. Late June to early August. Forewing blackish brown without whitish scales at tornus, but with obscure paler irroration. Frons bronzy; vertex dark bronzy. Thorax and tegulae dark bronzy to blackish brown. See couplet 34.

Sometimes second segment of labial palpus thickened with appressed scales or occasionally with raised scales, but not forming a large tuft.

14.5-17.0mm. Late May to mid August. Forewing shining brown; white costal streak from base to near apex. Frons, vertex and thorax white, tegulae brown.

16.0-19.0mm. Mid June to early August. Forewing dark brown; costal streak from near base to beyond middle; stigmata and a few additional markings present, all blackish. Frons, vertex, thorax and tegulae grey.

12.5-16.0mm. July. Forewing with black stigmata, rather large plical, both discals small, sometimes obsolete. See couplet 53 (larger specimens).

10.0-13.5mm. Mid June to mid August. Forewing ochreous grey, without series of dark costal marks. Labial palpus with third segment exposed in both sexes.

Labial palpus with third segment in male very short and concealed in tuft, in female longer and exposed.

12.0-15.0mm. Late June to early August. Forewing often with indistinct greyish spot in middle. Frons and vertex greyish white to grey. Thorax and tegulae grey.

11.0-14.5mm. June to August. Forewing with conspicuous blackish costal spot in middle. Frons and vertex grey mottled pale grey.

15.5-23.0mm. May and June. Forewing dark reddish brown, darker towards termen; towards costa broadly irrorated pale ochreous yellow, sometimes indistinct. Frons, vertex, thorax and tegulae reddish brown.

15.0-19.0mm. Mid June to late September. Forewing whitish; small dark costal dots in apical half. Frons, vertex, thorax and tegulae greyish brown.

20.0-23.0mm. May and June. Forewing with broad angulated darker fascia at two-thirds. Frons, vertex, thorax and tegulae brownish grey

17.0-22.0mm. August and early September. Forewing brownish grey mottled with paler and darker scales; three black streaks in middle of wing. Second segment of labial palp with tuft of black scales and whitish apex. See couplet 119.

15.0-18.0mm. Late July to early September. Forewing grey or brownish grey, long black streak in disc including discal stigmata and interrupted by white mark. Second segment of labial palp and tuft with basal third blackish and distal two-thirds whitish.

16.0-22.0mm. Late May and June; in Britain also in September. Forewing with black stigmata, first discal often absent, plical small.

12.5-16.5mm. See couplet 45.

15.0-17.0mm. Mid July to early October. Forewing brown, irregularly mixed whitish and blackish; three transverse marks of raised blackish scales in disc.

Labial palpus slender and strongly curved, largely exceeding vertex.

July and August. Forewing almost unicolorous blackish, slightly violet-tinged; stigmata and transverse fascia at two-thirds black and indistinct; cilia unicolorous blackish brown.

Forewing with apical cilia paler than rest of wing, with two dark cilia-lines.

16.0-19.0mm. Late June to early September. From A. populella only reliably separated by means of the genitalia.

14.0-19.0mm. Mid June to early September. Identification with certainty only by the genitalia.

Hindwing with apex acute (not rounded) and termen sinuate, Vertex whitish.

Hindwing with apex rounded or acute.

10.0-11.0mm. Early July to early August. Forewing whitish with blackish markings; apical cilia with three dark cilia-lines, only one extending to tornus. Frons pale grey; vertex, thorax and tegulae mixed white and greyish white.

Late June to early August. Forewing with stigmata and a dot below second discal indistinctly blackish; white spots on tornus and on costa opposite. Frons and vertex white. Thorax and tegulae blackish brown.

Late June to early August. Forewing with indistinct dark stigmata; white costal spot before and another beyond middle; white tornal spot. Frons and vertex white. Thorax and tegulae dark brown, mottled whitish.

Labial palpus with second segment sometimes rather broad or slightly thickened with hair-scales, but always with appressed hair-scales.

12.0-15.0mm. July. Forewing with pale spots often confluent, forming a fascia at two-fifth. Labial palpus yellowish white, irrorated with ferruginous outwardly.

16.0-19.0mm. Late June to early September. Hindwing greyish brown. Labial palpus greyish brown, darker outwardly.

14.0-17.0mm. Late June to early October. Hindwing of male grey, often ochreous towards apex; hindwing of female whitish, pale ochreous towards apex. Labial palpus pale yellowish brown, outer margin mixed darker. Frons, vertex, thorax and tegulae ochreous. Form without dark stigmata in forewing. See couplets 68 and 70.

7.5-11.0mm. June to August. Frons, vertex and thorax yellow.

Dark fascia in distal half forewing often ill-defined and linked with dark fascia at one-third.

Late May to early September. Forewing with termen concave and apex pointed; dark fasciae sometimes linked; stigmata present, black. Frons and vertex whitish to ochreous. Thorax ochreous.

Usually darker fascia in forewing absent (see couplet 65); termen straight or hardly sinuate, apex not pointed. See also couplet 70.

11.0-15.0mm. Mid May to early August. Forewing pale greyish ochreous; sometimes with indistinct paler fascia at four-fifth; stigmata black, distinct; second discal stigma often edged with whitish scales. Frons whitish; vertex pale greyish brown. Thorax pale greyish ochreous with dark brown median line.

Forewing with indistinct stigmata, up to three present; second discal not edged with whitish scales.

Common form with forewing darker between veins. Usually the veins appearing as pale lines; rarely with paler ochreous fascia at four-fifth. See also couplets 65 and 68

12.0-18.0 mm. late June to early August. Forewing pale greyish brown to brown, not darker between veins, usually with paler angulated fascia at four-fifth. Frons pale brown; vertex and thorax greyish brown.

12.5-15.5mm. Late May to early July. Forewing dark greyish violet; terminal cilia with reddish tinge and some scattered dark scales proximally, grey with indistinct cilia-line distally.

Late June to early August. Forewing blackish brown; first dorsal and plical stigma often touching; a dorsal whitish spot at two-thirds, often obsolete; pale ochreous spots in cilia. Frons blackish brown, distinctly paler centrally; vertex, thorax and tegulae blackish brown.

Late May to early August. Forewing pale ashy grey; a row of blackish spots along base of terminal cilia. Frons, vertex and thorax concolorous with forewing.

July (May and June in Central Europe). Forewing violet brown to ochreous, slightly paler basally; fascia white, distinct and straight. Frons white. Flagellum grey.

10.5-12.0mm. July (June to September in England). Forewing blackish violet, often with very faint whitish costal and tornal spots. The common unmarked form; see also couplets 82 and 84.

Annulation of flagellum sometimes indistinct (occasionally absent) in apical part.

Form with unicolorous forewing or nearly so (not known from the Netherlands). See couplet 86. For reliable identification dissection is necessary.

Form with almost unicolorous forewing (not known from the Netherlands). See couplet 86. For reliable identification dissection is necessary.

9.0-12.0mm. Forewing with vein 6 rising out of 7. See also couplet 81.

11.0-14.0mm. Forewing with vein 6 free. See also couplets 77 and 86.

9.0-12.0mm. Late May to early September. Forewing slaty blackish brown, with scattered greyish scales. Flagellum annulated or barred black and whitish, fading towards apex. See also couplet 79.

Rare form. See couplets 76 and 84.

9.0-11.0mm. July. Forewing slaty blackish brown.Most common form. See also couplet 85.

11.0-14.0mm. Late June to early August. Forewing black, somewhat paler basally. Hindwing underside with whitish costal spot. Occasionally forewing upper side with fascia obsolete and also fascia on underside indistinct or reduced to spots.

Forewing with whitish fascia markedly narrower than in any other species of Syncopacma with white or whitish fascia. Rare form. See couplets 76 and 82.

Less common form. See couplet 82.

11.0-14.0mm. July (in Britain). By far the commonest form. This species and the next cannot be distinguished with certainty without dissection. See also couplets 77 and 79.

11.0-14.0mm. Late June to early August. This species and S. cinctella cannot be distinguished with certainty without dissection. See also couplet 77.

Sometimes only one hair-scale present.

14.0-19.0mm. August to June; the adult hibernates. Forewing ochreous, sprinkled darker; two blackish stigmata (second sometimes absent). Antennal scape with only a few long hair-scales.

18.0-20.0mm. July and August; hibernates as a larva. Forewing ochreous brown suffused darker in apical one-third and along costa; three dark brown stigmata, one plical and two discals, second discal sometimes obsolete. Antennal scape with small pecten.

Terminal segment of labial palpus with pale bands rarely indistinct, first band occasionally very narrow or very rarely bands reduced to spots.

Rare dark form. See couplet 92.

Forewing sometimes with furcate blackish mark at base of costa or occasionally a black costal spot at base.

March to September; hibernates as an adult. Frons and vertex from white through grey to blackish brown. Labial palpus blackish, second segment with pale ring distally. See couplet 90.

Late May to late July. Frons and vertex pale grey with brownish-tipped scales. See couplet 101.

14.0-17.0mm. Early May to early October. Forewing pale ochreous brown to dark brown, more or less irrorated blackish and whitish; plical stigma enlarged to streak, both discals present, second forming transverse bar or pair of dots, all blackish.

Forewing sometimes with small tufts of scales, but these tufts do not form a fascia at one-fifth.

10.0-16.0mm. Late April to early August. Forewing with conspicuous blackish spots. Frons, vertex, thorax and tegulae white, thorax with two blackish spots posteriorly. Labial palpus white with segment two with dark spots; segment three with two blackish bands.

12.0-16.0mm. Late June to mid August. Forewing somewhat irrorate grey; variably expressed black markings, usually small and inconspicuous. Frons, vertex, thorax and tegulae white. Labial palpus with second segment unmarked and clear white, third segment greyish white with two dark bands.

9.5-13.0mm. Late April to mid July. Forewing dark grey mixed black; prominent whitish costal spot at three-quarters. Frons and vertex greyish or whitish mixed blackish brown.

11.0-13.0mm. Late May to early July. Forewing dark brown; pale costal marking at three-quarters indistinct. Frons and vertex greyish white mixed blackish brown.

10.0-15.0mm. June and July (in Britain). Forewing greyish white with blackish brown suffusion, particularly along dorsum and in middle of wing. Frons, vertex and thorax white.

10.5-14.0mm. Late May to early August. Forewing brownish grey; three stigmata, second discal confluent with transverse bar, and some spots and dots (more or less distinct), all blackish. Frons grey; vertex dark grey.

Sometimes forewing with greyish (often somewhat brownish) scales.

15.0-18.0mm. Late May to late July. Forewing with two transversely placed black spots at two-fifth, the upper one usually completely fused with a black spot immediately basad; black costal mark at base usually not furcate. Frons and vertex pale grey. Flagellum ciliated in male. see couplet 92.

14.0-17.0mm. Early May to early September. Forewing with two transversely placed black spots at two-fifth, the upper one usually separated from another black spot, immediately basad or, if both spots are fused, still recognizable as two spots; black costal mark at base furcate (with two long, narrow points distally). Frons and vertex whitish. Flagellum not ciliated.

Forewing with the two dark spots at three-fifth often indistinct.

11.0-15.0mm. Late May to early September. Forewing greyish, sometimes ranging to blackish; markings blackish, becoming less distinct in dark forms.

11.0-15.0mm. June. Forewing greyish brown, sometimes ranging to blackish; markings blackish, clusters of ochreous scales, dark markings less distinct in dark forms.

11.0-15.0mm. Late April to early July. Ground colour forewing very variable: nearly all nuances from yellowish brown and ochreous to greyish brown and grey; second transverse row of blackish dots with two or three dots; sometimes with dark costal blotch at base. Third segment of labial palpus pale ochreous with two blackish brown bands. Specimens with pale greyish brown forewing are very similar to T. wagae and specimens with darker greyish brown forewing can only be separated from T. aenigma by means of their antennae or examination of the genitalia. Frons and vertex concolorous with forewing.

12.0-15.0mm. May and June. Forewing fairly constant: pale greyish brown with scattered white-tipped scales; dark basal costal blotch absent; third row of blackish dots with the uppermost slightly cloaser to base. Third segment of labial palpus grey with three blackish brown bands, third not quite reaching apex. Flagellum occasionally with rather distinct annulation. Frons and vertex greyish brown, mottled.

10.0-13.0mm. May to August (abroad). Forewing fairly constant: brownish grey, sometimes with scattered dark scales; dark basal costal blotch present; third row of blackish dots with the lowermost slighly closer to base. Frons and vertex pale greyish brown.

12.0-15.0mm. Late May to late August. Forewing with ill-defined broad dark fasciae at one-third and two-thirds. Frons whitish; vertex whitish grey or grey.

9.0-16.0mm. May and June. Forewing without dark fasciae. Frons and vertex whitish, more or less grey-sprinkled.

12.0-16.0mm. Late May to early August. Forewing creamy white, variably suffused with black and brownish scales; plical spot elongated, two discal stigmata, all black. Frons and vertex creamy white. Thorax and tegulae greyish brown, mottled with creamy white.

14.0-19.0mm. Late July to early September. Forewing with blackish and white areas, the distribution of both variable, giving some specimens a whitish and others a blackish appearance. Frons and vertex creamy white. Thorax blackish brown, mottled with yellowish; tegulae blackish brown.

Forewing sometimes with dark spot or indistinct dark mark at base.

12.0-16.0mm. Late June to mid August. Forewing pale ochreous to greyish brown with scattered blackish scales; second stigma usually forming a hook-shaped mark. Frons and vertex ochreous grey.

15.0-18.0mm. Late July to mid September. Forewing pale ochreous grey, brownish sprinkled. Frons and vertex ochreous grey.

12.0-18.0mm. June and July. Forewing with greyish appearance; first discal stigma narrowly ringed with white. Frons white beneath, rest frons and vertex blackish brown with paler scales.

13.0-16.0mm. Late June to early September. Forewing with brown appearance; first discal stigma broadly ringed white and connected to second discal by black streak. Frons pale brown in middle, laterally blackish; vertex and tegulae greyish brown. Thorax dark brown.

13.0-20.0mm. Late June to early August. Forewing blackish, irrorated whitish and black, black stigmata, streaks and costal spots indistinct; worn specimens with pale areas and more distinct dark markings. Vertex mixed greyish and black. See couplet 122.

14.0-19.0mm. Late April to early September. Colour of forewing varying from pale brown to blackish; costal and tornal spots pure white; veins usually darker. In male underside abdomen tipped yellowish. Vertex ochreous to blackish brown. See couplet 123.

Forewing mottled with dark and pale scales; two conspicuous black streaks and a smaller one in middle of wing; blackish spots at base and at four-fifth of costa; indistinct pale fascia at four-fifth. Vertex, thorax and tegulae pale brown mottled with dark brown. See couplet 52.

June and July. Forewing mottled with black scales; two black, often confluent spots at two-fifth, one larger at three-fifth; small black spot at base of costa, often indistinct; indistinct pale fascia at four-fifth. Vertex greyish white. Thorax pale grey mottled with darker scales.

17.0-22.0mm. May and June. Forewing with black stigmata, sometimes indistinct. Frons, vertex, thorax and tegulae grey mottled with brown.

See couplet 117.

16.0-22.0mm. July and early August. Forewing dark brown with many scattered ochreous scales; discal stigmata elongate with black dash between them. Frons dark brown; vertex pale brown. Thorax mixed brown and ochreous.

See couplet 118.

12.0-19.0mm. Late June to early September. Forewing brown, variably mixed blackish; cilia brownish grey with one ciliary line of dark-tipped scales. Male slightly larger than female, 12.0-19.0mm. versus 12.0-15.0mm. Frons brown; vertex dark brown. Thorax and tegulae blackish brown. Males can be recognized without dissection by cleaning away the scales at the tip of the uncus; males of C. fumatella have a short, but prominent apical thorn, absent in males of C. distinctella.

14.0-19.0mm. Mid June to late August. Forewing brown mottled with darker scales; ground colour and markings variable; cilia pale brownish grey with one or two ill-defined ciliary lines. Frons pale ochreous brown; vertex, thorax and tegulae brownish. For genitalic difference of male with male of C. fumatella (inspection without dissection) see above.

Occasionally forewing only with pale costal spot in apical third.

15,0-17,5mm. Late May to early August. Forewing irrorate with many yellowish or orange-yellow scales and some brownish black scales; stigmata black; an indistinct pale yellowish angulated fascia at four-fifth. Frons grey. Thorax dark ochreous grey. See couplet 140.

The tip of the male abdomen may show without dissection the typical uncus of Prolita: broad and with bristles of elongated scales.

In male uncus otherwise.

13.0-19.0mm. Late May and June. Forewing blackish brown mottled with brownish, somewhat reddish; worn specimens become more blackish and can be mistaken for P. solutella; occasionally transverse fascia absent. Frons brown with whitish scales at base; vertex shining dark brown.

15.0-21.0mm. Late April to early August. Forewing varying from pale greyish brown to blackish, more or less sprinkled greyish white; also markings variable; occasionally with more than one, usually incomplete pale fasciae. Frons dark brown sprinkled whitish; vertex dark brown. See couplet 135.

12.0-17.0mm. From July to August in Britain. Forewing dark brown tinged purplish; sometimes tornal spot absent; first discal stigma rather beyond plical.

13.0-17.0mm. Late June to early August. In specimens with very dark forewings the two dark stigmata at two-fifth indistinct; whitish costal and tornal spots, sometimes fused to form a fascia. Frons pale ochreous at base, greyish brown above; vertex blackish.

12.0-15.0mm. Late June to mid August. Forewing with the two dark stigmata at two-fifth always distinct; whitish costal and tornal spots, sometimes fused to form a fascia. Frons dull whitish, darker above; vertex mixed whitish and blackish brown.

Forewing occasionally with two dark longitudinal stripes.

13.0-16.0mm. May to early July. Forewing straw-coloured, tinged pinky, especially in fresh specimens; median stripe contrasting and distinct; dark stigmata absent. Frons, vertex and thorax creamy white.

11.0-14.5mm. Late June to early September. Forewing varying from straw-coloured to brown, not tinged pinky; two parallel longitudinal dark stripes, one or more basally, the other more distally, usually fused in central part of wing; dark stigmata more or less distinct, occasionally absent. Frons and vertex from creamy white to pale brown. Thorax brown. See couplet 135.

16.5-19.0mm. Mid May to early August. Forewing dark purplish brown; blackish stigmata indistinct, with a few whitish scales. Frons, vertex and thorax dark purplish brown.

13.0-17.0mm. Late April to mid August. Forewing varying from pale greyish brown to blackish brown, sometimes white-sprinkled; stigmata blackish, often elongate; usually distinct black terminal dots. Frons greyish brown; vertex, thorax and tegulae dark greyish brown.

Form with rather unicolorous forewing. See couplet 128.

Form with forewing without dark longitudinal stripe.

The hair may be lost in worn specimens. Species of the genus Bryotropha.

Mid June to mid August. Forewing pale to dark greyish brown; stigmata blackish brown, distinct. Frons and cheeks pale greyish yellow; vertex brownish grey.

June to August. Forewing varying from pale ochreous to greyish ochreous; dark stigmata more prominent than in B. basaltinella because of paler ground colour. Frons yellowish; vertex and thorax yellow to ochreous, often speckled with ochreous grey.

15.0-17.5mm. See couplet 126.

14.0-17.0mm. Late May to late August. Forewing usually dark brown or dark greyish brown, occasionally paler or ferruginous; stigmata blackish brown, sometimes indistinct. Frons, vertex and thorax concolorous with forewing. Abdomen of female can be inspected without dissection by brushing away some scales from the terminal abdominal segment: the posterior margin of segment 8 is not excavate ventrally.

11.0-15.0mm. Early May to early September. Forewing with ground colour more variable than in B. terrella, from ochreous to dark brown or dark greyish brown; stigmata blackish, sometimes indistinct. Frons, vertex and thorax concolorous with forewing. Female with abdominal segment 8 deeply excavate ventrally (see preceding species). See couplet 145.

Forewing with whitish costal and tornal spots indistinct or absent because of pale ground colour. These pale forms occur in the sand dunes along the North Sea coast. (f. mundella Douglas or f. portlandica Richardson). See couplets 147, 150 and 192.

9.0-12.5mm. Mid May to mid August. Forewing with distinct stigmata. Cilia forewing with one dark ciliary line, occasionally indistinct. This pale form occurs in the sand dunes along the North Sea coast. see couplets 147 and 148.

9.0-12.5mm. Late June to early September. Forewing pale ochreous, variably mixed blackish brown; stigmata blackish, sometimes obscure; an indistinct angulated pale fascia at three-quarters; cilia forewing with only one dark ciliary line, occasionally indistinct. Thorax brownish. For dark form see couplet 149.

11.0-15.0mm. Early May to early September. Cilia forewing with at least two more or less distinct ciliary lines. Exceptionally very small specimens of B. terrella key out here; for differences between B. desertella and B. terrella see couplet 141.

B. similis sometimes with a few pale scales beyond plical stigma (see couplet 150).

9.5-11.5mm. Late May to early August. Forewing with ground colour brownish black without pale irroration; costal and tornal spots white, occasionally fused to form a fascia. Frons yellowish to ochreous; vertex and thorax concolorous with ground colour forewing. See couplets 142, 150 and 192.

9.0-12.5mm. Mid May to mid August. Forewing with ground colour greyish brown (not blackish) with pale irroration, produced by the yellowish bases of dark scales; costal and tornal spots pale ochreous to ochreous, rarely whitish, often fused to form an irregular fascia, occasionally absent. frons pale ochreous, vertex and thorax concolorous with ground colour forewing, see couplets 144 and 148.

9.0-12.5mm. See couplets 144 and 147.

Forewing almost wholly dark brown; stigmata, costal and tornal spots indistinct. Dark form of B. senectella. See also couplet 145.

In B. similis sometimes head with cheeks slightly paler than vertex.

9.5-11.5mm. Form without patch of white scales beyond plical stigma. See couplets 142 and 147.

10.5-13.5mm. Late May to early August. Forewing with stigmata blackish brown, often indistinct because of dark ground colour. Frons from whitish to creamy yellow; central band of vertex and thorax dark greyish brown; cheeks as frons or as vertex.

Late April to early June. Forewing almost unicolorous coal-black. Labial palpus blackish, third segment sometimes with greyish band and tip. Frons, vertex and thorax blackish.

10.0-14.0mm. July and August. Forewing brownish grey with three rather indistinct white transverse fasciae. Frons, vertex, thorax, and usually also labial palpus white.

9.0-12.5mm. Mid June to early September. Forewing variably coloured and marked, usually dorsal area pale greyish to brownish, towards costa darker, ferruginous to blackish brown. Frons greyish; vertex from pale greyish to dark brown. Thorax concolorous with dorsal margin, tinged blackish brown anteriorly. See couplet 157.

July and August. Forewing with ground colour concolorous with thorax; narrow white fascia at four-fifth; stigmata and costal spot at one-fifth blackish; blackish streak from second discal stigma to tornus. Frons white; vertex white with some darker scales.

9.0-13.0mm. Late June to August (in Britain). Forewing reddish brown with scattered white and dark scales, base, costa, dorsum and apical region blackish brown; dark patch in basal half of costa lost in dark colour of costa. Frons whitish to ochreous grey; vertex and thorax ochreous, mottled darker.

See couplet 154.

In dark specimens sometimes indistinct or not recognizable

See couplet 156.

See couplet 157.

10.0-14.5mm. Late June to August. Forewing dark brown with white fascia at one-fourth, white costal and tornal spots separate. Frons whitish or pale grey; vertex dark brown.

Species with the palest coloured forewing of the genus Caryocolum.

9.5-14.5mm. July and August. Forewing greyish with paler and darker markings; white costal and tornal spots at four-fifth, usually joined to form a fascia. Frons white; vertex white, often mottled darker.

8.5-11.0mm. Late June to early August. Forewing greyish with paler and darker markings, with white fascia at four-fifth. Frons white; vertex creamy.

7.5-11.0mm. Late June to early August. Forewing brown, speckled with white; black markings indistinct; white costal and tornal spots at four-fifth distinct, occasionally connected. Frons shining pale ochreous grey; vertex blackish brown. Thorax dark brown, posteriorly brownish orange.

10.0-11.5mm. Late June to August (in Britain). Forewing with dark markings distinct; white or whitish costal and tornal spots indistinct, usually connected. Frons shining pale ochreous grey; vertex dark greyish brown. Thorax greyish, mottled with darker scales.

11.0-14.5mm. June and July. Forewing dark blackish brown. Frons whitish mixed greyish; vertex mixed whitish and blackish brown.

11.0-16.0mm. June to August. Forewing brownish grey. Frons whitish; vertex brownish grey.

9.5-15.5mm. Mid May to mid November. Forewing with ground colour from ochreous brown to reddish brown; dark costal blotch even in darker specimens visible. Frons brown, sometimes paler; vertex brown.

10.0-14.5mm. Late April to early August. Forewing occasionally with reddish ochreous colouring, especially at base and between veins. Frons and vertex ochreous grey to dark brown.

Rare form with dorsal area of forewing paler. See couplet 177.

11.0-15.0mm. Bivoltine., May to October (in Britain). Forewing with distinct and contrasting stigmata.

Late June to early August. Forewing greyish brown with ferruginous longitudinal streaks. Vertex ochreous white. Thorax ochreous grey. See couplets 174 and 185.

Late May to early August. Forewing with ferruginous longitudinal streaks sometimes irrorate whitish; often black streak on fold distal to plical stigma. See couplets 173 and 177.

Forewing with stigmata elongate ; plical stigma very elongate, forming an interrupted plical streak. See couplets 171 and 177.

Forewing with stigmata elongate, sometimes forming interrupted plical and discal longitudinal streaks. See couplets 171 and 185.

12.0-18.0 mm. June to October (indoors). Forewing varying from greyish ochreous to blackish brown; plical stigma forming an elongate interrupted streak. Hindwing of male with brush of pale scales on costa. Frons and vertex pale greyish ochreous, ofte mottled darker, Flageluum unicolorous brown or indistinctly ringed darker. See couplet 87.

Forewing with stigmata appearing as interrupted longitudinal streaks, sometimes confluent, forming irregular longitudinal mark. Frons bright whitish, somewhat shining, occasionally yellowish; vertex whitish, irrorate ochreous and dark greyish brown. Flagellum blackish brown, narrowly ringed ochreous. See couplets 183 and 191.

11.5-15.5mm. Mid May to early September. Forewing with blackish grey, less frequently with brownish appearance; whitish sprinkling and a maze of markings, streaks, stigmata (sometimes indistinct or absent) and additional dark spots or streaks, often obscured by dark suffusion; ferruginous longitudinal streaks absent. Frons yellowish grey; vertex dark brownish grey. See couplet 170.

See couplets 171 and 173.

8.5-11.5mm. April and July (in Central Europe). Forewing varying from pale greyish brown to dark brown, often with longitudinal ferruginous streaks; stigmata absent or reduced. Frons and vertex brown.

9.0-14.5mm. Late May to early August. Forewing varying from pale brownish grey to dark brown, heavily irrorate dark greyish brown and brownish orange; often with longitudinal ferruginous streaks; stigmata distinct. Frons ochreous grey; vertex pale ochreous heavily irrorate dark brown. Smaller specimens of this species. See couplet 189.

Frons pale ochreous; vertex ochreous grey, irrorate darker. See couplets 183, 187 and 191.

Frons and vertex greyish brown. See couplet 189.

Forwing with second discal stigma small, less than one-sixth width wing. See couplets 175 and 191.

Forwing with second discal stigma large, one-fourth width wing. See couplets 181, 187 and 191.

Forewing occasionally with ferruginous scaling between discal stigmata.

Forewing with additional shorter ferruginous streaks along the veins, but occasionally the whole wing may be suffused ferruginous. See couplets 171 and 174.

Forewing occasionally with ferruginous scaling between discal stigmata, stigmata ringed with ferruginous or completely ferruginous.

See couplet 175.

See couplets 181, 183 and 196.

12.0-15.0mm. Late April to early September. Forewing with second discal stigma sometimes divided into two. Vertex ochreous, irrorate grey. Abdomen above with first three segments ochreous yellow. See couplet 182.

9.0-14.5mm. Late May to early August. Forewing particularly with second discal stigma sometimes divided into two. Vertex pale ochreous irrorate dark brown. Abdomen above with first three segments ochreous yellow. See couplet 179.

12.0-14.0mm. In Britain June to September. Forewing rather uniform pale grey, only slightly yellowish brown; discal stigmata rather distinct, dark greyish brown, plical stigma indistinct or absent. Frons yellowish; vertex ochreous to dark brown. Abdomen dark greyish brown above, mixed reddish towards base.

Frons bright whitish or pale ochreous.

11.0-15.5mm. Early June to late August. Forewing variable, brown or greyish brown irrorate darker and paler, producing mottled appearance; stigmata often black, sometimes ringed with ferruginous or completely ferruginous. Vertex whitish, irrorate ochreous and dark greyish brown. Abdomen dark greyish brown above, with first two segments ochreous yellow. See couplets 175 and 183.

12.0-14.5mm. Early June to early September. Forewing pale greyish ochreous to dark brown, marbled paler; stigmata either black variably mixed with ferruginous or without black scales, appearing as ferruginous blotches. Vertex ochreous grey, irrorate darker. Abdomen usually unicolorous dark above with first three segments sometimes ochreous. See couplets 181, 183 and 187.

This is a form occuring in the sand dunes aling the North Sea coast. See couplets 142, 147 and 150.

Forewing often with pale costal and tornal spots and patch of pale scales beyond plical stigma.

July and August (in Hungary). Forewing reddish grey with veins marked paler in distal half; first and second discal stigma blackish, plical less distinct. Hindwing whitish.